Foreign

OECD report, Aligning Policies for a Low Carbon Economy

OECD’s 2015 publication, Aligning Policies for a Low Carbon Economy surveys the efficacy of R&D tax credits, innovation investment portfolio theory, and the effects of removing unhelpful subsidies for entrenched technologies.

China’s planned emissions trading system

China has been operating seven test pilot carbon markets in different regions. A 2017 State Council directive established process and framework for China’s national carbon market going forward.

French carbon tax

The Law on Energy Transition to Green Growth set a trajectory for the tax rate to gradually increase until 2030, up to the rate of 100 €/tCO2e.

Japanese carbon tax

Tax base is the amount of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use (covering 70% of Japan’s GHG emissions), with some exemptions for agriculture, public transportation, petrochemical industries, and coal-fired power plants in Okinawa.

Mexico’s carbon tax and nascent emissions trading scheme

Established a carbon tax in 2013 for those sources whose emissions exceed the emissions of natural gas, with the value of the tax capped at 3%, and established MexiCO2, a voluntary exchange that provides carbon credits.

Iceland carbon tax

Tax was extended indefinitely in 2012 with extended coverage, and indexing of the tax rate to 100% of the EU ETS price.

Irish carbon tax

A carbon tax on all residential and commercial use of gas and oil not covered by the EU ETS.