Residential Standards
EPA may regulate black carbon from residential sources through new source performance standards for residential heating stoves, education, or incentivizing the replacement of inefficient stoves.
LPDD Recommendation: “The federal government should develop and fund replacement programs that provide owners of wood-burning stoves access to efficient and low- or zero-emission replacements. EPA should develop comprehensive woodstove replacement programs, accompanied by funding necessary to enable low-income access to modern technologies, to accelerate turnover. EPA should continue to use its authority to set NSPS to ensure that woodstoves become more efficient and emit less.”
LPDD Recommendation: “EPA should conduct a technology review to assess whether PM emissions controls could be strengthened and, if so, EPA should enact new regulations with even more stringent emissions controls for new motor vehicles. As clean fuels from renewable energy become available, EPA should require their use in diesel engines. EPA should also eliminate the use of averaging and require each vehicle to meet the applicable standards.”
LPDD Recommendation: “EPA should mandate that all diesel sources use diesel particulate filters to reduce both PM and black carbon emissions.”
LPDD Recommendation: “EPA should require stationary sources to install the most effective PM filters and other emissions controls.”
LPDD Recommendation: “EPA should use the definition of BACT to push sources that propose to use dirty fuels, such as coal and diesel, to replace them with cleaner fuels, such as renewable energy, biogas, and biodiesel.”
LPDD Recommendation: “EPA should prioritize regulations that accelerate fleet turnover and otherwise take older and dirtier engines and vehicles off the road.”
LPDD Recommendation: “EPA should prioritize the development and/or revision of NESHAPs for source categories that emit black carbon that would be controlled indirectly by MACT-based emission standards for toxic air pollutants.”
LPDD Recommendation: “EPA should require rebuilt engines to meet contemporaneous emission standards, unless meeting such requirements would be technically impossible.”
LPDD Recommendation: “EPA should establish standards of performance under CAA §111(d) for designated pollutants (i.e., not criteria pollutants and not hazardous air pollutants), the control of which would also reduce black carbon emissions.”
LPDD Recommendation: “For any categories of nonroad sources that emit fine PM but are not yet regulated, EPA should promulgate standards to ensure that new equipment is designed with filters and other pollution controls.”