California’s proposed “Clean Car Discount” program (AB493-Ruskin) was designed to impose a fee of up to $2,500 on new, high carbon emitting vehicles (starting with 2011 models), and then rebating the fee to buyers of new low emission vehicles, thereby theoretically shifting the social cost of the destruction of public goods by global warming onto those who contribute to global warming. It had a self-financing design, and left out about 25 percent of vehicles in the middle of the emissions spectrum. The proposal lost in the California Legislature by a small margin in its third reading in 2007.