This 2010 Congressional Research Service report considers whether nitrous oxide emissions should be subject to direct regulation, what role EPA should play using its existing Clean Air Act authority, whether the sources of nitrous oxide should be included among the covered entities of a cap-and-trade system, whether nitrous oxide reductions should be considered offsets to be purchased by the covered entities of a cap-and-trade system, and what role USDA should play in any nitrous oxide reduction scheme.