In 2017, DOE made a collective $5.7M award to Battery500, a consortium of battery companies, to fund 15 projects geared towards developing a battery that costs less than $100/kWh. In 2018, DOE followed up with $19M in awards for twelve new cost-shared research projects focused on batteries and vehicle electrification technologies to enable extreme fast charging. In 2019, DOE announced $59 million for 43 projects for advanced vehicle technologies research, including advanced batteries and electric drive systems, co-optimized engine and fuel technologies, materials for more efficient powertrains, and alternative fuels and new energy efficient mobility systems.