Existing Standards for Cement and Lime

EPA regulates cement and lime production and related industries through New Source Performance Standards

Report, The Impact of Climate Targets on Steel Production

Notes that hydrogen-based steel production could become a major technology option for production from virgin materials, particularly in a scenario where Carbon Capture and Storage is not available.

Existing Standards for Primary Metals

EPA regulates iron and steel and primary metals production through New Source Performance Standards.

Report, Exploring the Limits for CO2 Emission Abatement in the EU Power and Industry Sectors

Assessed the prospects for presently available abatement technologies to achieve significant reductions in CO2 emissions from large stationary sources of CO2 in the EU up to 2050, including specifically from petroleum refining.